In our last lesson, we had to pitch our idea for the main task where you have to create an opening sequence for a film. In our group we decided to use horror as our genre. From this we had the idea of someone walking their dog through the woods in the early morning. They end up tripping over something and letting go of the dogs lead so the dog runs off and they can't find it. But then they begin to hear the dog barking and follow the sound to a creepy abandoned house. The sequence will end with the person walking into the abandoned house and screaming at something unknown to the viewer. In our PowerPoint we described the themes, genre and plot of our idea and also created a mood board.
After presenting our PowerPoint, other students from our class asked us questions based on our idea. One person asked 'who will your actors be?'. In response to this, we answered that one of our friends with past experience of studying performing arts would be our main actress and then my dog would be the dog she is walking. Another question asked was 'where will your location be?'. In response to this I said that there is a forest near where I live where I used to walk my dog that could be a prime location to film our main task.
As we have chosen to do a horror, our main objective is to create an eerie and frightening atmosphere for the viewer to set up the theme of the rest of the movie if we were to create it. Because of this, we have chosen to film it in the early morning as it will be foggy and create a sense of isolation of the main character therefore making the viewer uncomfortable.
In conclusion, it was very helpful to make a pitch to the class as we were able to get the idea out of our heads and were able to make other people understand it as well. From this, we were also able to think about things we may not have considered through the questions that were asked from other students. Therefore, we have been given a much clearer view of what our main task will look like and has given us plenty to think about in the preparation for it.
Saturday, 5 December 2015
Art of the title
In this opening scene, the main emotion that I feel is one of fear and discomfort. The director has achieved in making the viewer feel like this through the use of colour and the animation used. For example, many dark colours such as greens and blacks are used to emphasise how the cutting up and changing of the doll can be made to be very sinister and creepy. The animation is also used to create a very discomforting feeling for the viewer as it highlights the action of opening up and closing the doll again. This therefore suggests underlying tone of violence and disturbance that may follow throughout the film.
Art of the title has been very helpful in my gained knowledge and understanding of the opening sequences of films as I have been able to see what features of film I need to use to create the right emotional reaction from the viewer.
Saturday, 21 November 2015
Sound
In some of our most recent lessons, we have been learning about sound. Sound is one of the most important aspects of film even though we do not realise it. Contrasting to what some people may think, it isn't just about the soundtrack. Sound ranges all the way from dialogue to sound effects and if any features are missing, the continuity of the film or scene dramatically decreases. Some different examples sound are:
- Diegetic = This is the sound that comes from a person or object in the scene or seen within the field of vision.
-Non-diegetic = This is the sound that comes from nothing within the field of vision and has been added afterwards in the editing process.
-Synchronous = This is where the sound is synchronised with the object emitting that sound.
-Asynchronous = This is where the soundtrack is deliberately out of sync or out of time with what we see.
-Sound effects = This is the sounds added to the visuals in editing, they may be naturalistic or unnaturalistic.
-Sound motif/leitmotif = This is a sound associated with a character or place.
-Sound bridge = This is where the sound continues across one or more cuts or transitions.
-Dialogue = This is the sound made by characters talking to each other.
-Voiceover = This is where a voice from outside the diegesis gives the audience information.
I have find a clip from the Lord Of The Rings which uses a range of features from sound to have a dramatic effect on the audience and build tension in the scene. I have put the link for this clip below:
- Diegetic = This is the sound that comes from a person or object in the scene or seen within the field of vision.
-Non-diegetic = This is the sound that comes from nothing within the field of vision and has been added afterwards in the editing process.
-Synchronous = This is where the sound is synchronised with the object emitting that sound.
-Asynchronous = This is where the soundtrack is deliberately out of sync or out of time with what we see.
-Sound effects = This is the sounds added to the visuals in editing, they may be naturalistic or unnaturalistic.
-Sound motif/leitmotif = This is a sound associated with a character or place.
-Sound bridge = This is where the sound continues across one or more cuts or transitions.
-Dialogue = This is the sound made by characters talking to each other.
-Voiceover = This is where a voice from outside the diegesis gives the audience information.
I have find a clip from the Lord Of The Rings which uses a range of features from sound to have a dramatic effect on the audience and build tension in the scene. I have put the link for this clip below:
In this scene, nearly all of the sounds would have been pre-recorded and edited in after filming. The different sounds that I picked up from watching this scene are:
- The sound of the army marching.
- The sound of the lighting and thunder.
- The sound of the dialogue exchanged between characters.
- The sound of the rain droplets.
- The soundtrack which was very sinister and aiding in building tension.
- The sound of the metal armour clinking together.
- The sound of the roar and growls from the creatures.
- The sounds of the poles thudding against the ground.
- The sound of arrows being drawn back and released.
- The sounds of shouts and screams of men being hit.
- The sound of swords swishing as they are released.
From this, I have learned just how important sound actually is as if it is wrong or a piece of sound is missing then it can throw off the whole continuity of the scene and confuse the audience. Therefore, sound should not be written off and something you can quickly do in the editing suite as it takes a lot of time and effort.
Thursday, 12 November 2015
Preliminary task
Preproduction- In this part of the process, we had to decide where the scene would be set and plan a script for the dialogue. We also drew up a storyboard to display what exactly was going to happen in each part of the scene. Using this, we also decided all the different camera angles and shots that we wanted to use and at which point. One other thing we had to discuss and organise was finding actors/actresses to use and provide the right costume and any props needed to get the effect we wanted.
Production- The next part of the process was actually filming the scene. We arrived at the setting which we had chose which was one of the geography rooms and we were also using the corridor outside. We began by filming Patrick (our actor) coming into the geography corridor through a door, leaving 10 seconds before and after cutting to leave us a buffer for when editing. Once completed, we filmed it once more to make sure we had an extra take in case anything happened to the first one. We repeated this for each take we took. Next, we filmed a close up of Patrick's hand on the door of the room he is about to enter before cutting to another tale of him coming into the room and sitting down. As I am already sat down in the room, the next take is the beginning of our dialogue. Abbie (who was filming at this point) took many shot reverse shots as me and Patrick continue our dialogue. When I find out that I haven't done my history homework, Abbie zooms the camera in to a close up of my face to display my shock.
Post production- Once we had finished all our filming and got all the shots that we wanted, it was time to edit all our takes together. We did this on the computers using movie plus. After importing all of our takes from connecting the camera to the computer, we were able to link them all together to make sure the continuity of the scene was flowing and that it all made sense. Next, we added in a fade effect to link two takes together and show the viewer that a moment of significance is about to happen. After doing this, we added in a title before the first take and credits before the end to finish it off and make it more professional.
Once we had completed all of this, we uploaded it to YouTube and I have attached the link above for you to watch.
Wednesday, 4 November 2015
Mise-en-scene
In our previous lessons we have learnt about mise-en-scene. This is everything that is in the scene and can be broken down into the parts: props, lighting, appearance, costume and setting. Many different features can then be found inside each of these parts.
Props:
These are items a character possesses or picks up, for example a gun or bunch of flowers. These can be used to tell the viewer a lot about what type of person that character is.
Lighting:
This can be very key in highlighting the importance of characters. For example, high key lighting may be used to display a bright and well lit scene with very few shadows. This is often used to make a location or character seem friendly, happy or safe. Low key lighting may also be used to show a dimly lit scene with lots of shadows. This is often used to make a location or character seem shady, untrustworthy, dangerous or unsafe. One other example of lighting that might be used is chiaroscuro lighting. This is when a scene is lit with extreme lighting, lots of shadows, or some very bright parts. Similarly to low key lighting, this is used to make a location or character seem very dramatic and unusual.
Appearance:
Body shape and language is a key part of the appearance of a character. The way a character's body looks and the way they hold their body, for example confident, slumping down or cowering from someone, tell us what type of person they are and how they feel about themselves and others. Facial features and expressions also come under appearance. This is the way a characters face looks and shows emotion. For example, a shocked expression, sadness or a look of love. Another feature of this is by looking at how some characters may have interesting characteristics such as bad teeth or small and squinty eyes. This tells us what type of person they are and how they feel about others. Hair and make-up may also come under appearance as the hair of a character and the cosmetics a character might be wearing such as lipstick tell us things about the character. For example, a woman wearing very little make up might be seen as very naïve and innocent.
Costume:
This is the clothes that a character is wearing. There is a lot of importance based around what style, shape, choice of item and colour clothes that a character is wearing as it suggests what type of person they are and how they might be feeling. For example, a floaty dress might represent someone as being traditionally girly. A policeman's uniform might someone as having authority and power. Baggy, shapeless clothes might suggest someone as shy, where as tight clothing might suggest they are confident and flirtatious.
Props:
These are items a character possesses or picks up, for example a gun or bunch of flowers. These can be used to tell the viewer a lot about what type of person that character is.
Lighting:
This can be very key in highlighting the importance of characters. For example, high key lighting may be used to display a bright and well lit scene with very few shadows. This is often used to make a location or character seem friendly, happy or safe. Low key lighting may also be used to show a dimly lit scene with lots of shadows. This is often used to make a location or character seem shady, untrustworthy, dangerous or unsafe. One other example of lighting that might be used is chiaroscuro lighting. This is when a scene is lit with extreme lighting, lots of shadows, or some very bright parts. Similarly to low key lighting, this is used to make a location or character seem very dramatic and unusual.
Appearance:
Body shape and language is a key part of the appearance of a character. The way a character's body looks and the way they hold their body, for example confident, slumping down or cowering from someone, tell us what type of person they are and how they feel about themselves and others. Facial features and expressions also come under appearance. This is the way a characters face looks and shows emotion. For example, a shocked expression, sadness or a look of love. Another feature of this is by looking at how some characters may have interesting characteristics such as bad teeth or small and squinty eyes. This tells us what type of person they are and how they feel about others. Hair and make-up may also come under appearance as the hair of a character and the cosmetics a character might be wearing such as lipstick tell us things about the character. For example, a woman wearing very little make up might be seen as very naïve and innocent.
Costume:
This is the clothes that a character is wearing. There is a lot of importance based around what style, shape, choice of item and colour clothes that a character is wearing as it suggests what type of person they are and how they might be feeling. For example, a floaty dress might represent someone as being traditionally girly. A policeman's uniform might someone as having authority and power. Baggy, shapeless clothes might suggest someone as shy, where as tight clothing might suggest they are confident and flirtatious.
Editing
In one of our previous lessons, we have learned about editing. This is part of post-production and takes place after you have filmed all your scenes. Editing is used to cut between scenes and keep the continuity of the film flowing. There are many different features of editing, these include:
-Sound effects can be added in.
-The best camera shots/angles are used.
-Transitions
-Non-continuity
-Continuity
-Shot duration/place
-Pace and rhythm
There are also many various types of editing. For example, cross-cutting (also known as parallel editing) is where an editor cuts between two separate scenes happening in two separate locations at the same time. This serves to illustrate a contrast or link between them. Another type of editing is a cut. This is when the move from one shot to another can tell us lots of things. For example, it can draw our attention to things. Similar to this, a cutaway is a brief shot that is not totally necessary but is cut into a scene showing a related action, object or person, not necessarily part of the main scene, before cutting back to the original shot. One other type of editing is a dissolve. This is when the first shot is on screen and the second shot starts appearing on top of it more and more until all you can see is the second shot. Often used to link two scenes or two people together, or sometimes used to show time moving.
An eye line match is a type of editing that maintains the eye line or level when cutting from a character to what the character sees. The effect of the edit is to create a sense that what the camera sees is what the character sees. It puts us in the position of the character and helps us feel empathy for them. A fade is a type of moving image editing where the image gradually fades and disappears, leaving a white or black screen. A fade to black often suggests that time has passed or a situation has ended. A fade to white often suggests a dream sequence. A graphic match is a cut from one shot to another that look visually the same, possibly linked by a similar shape or colour, they are there to show us a clear link between two scenes.
-Sound effects can be added in.
-The best camera shots/angles are used.
-Transitions
-Non-continuity
-Continuity
-Shot duration/place
-Pace and rhythm
There are also many various types of editing. For example, cross-cutting (also known as parallel editing) is where an editor cuts between two separate scenes happening in two separate locations at the same time. This serves to illustrate a contrast or link between them. Another type of editing is a cut. This is when the move from one shot to another can tell us lots of things. For example, it can draw our attention to things. Similar to this, a cutaway is a brief shot that is not totally necessary but is cut into a scene showing a related action, object or person, not necessarily part of the main scene, before cutting back to the original shot. One other type of editing is a dissolve. This is when the first shot is on screen and the second shot starts appearing on top of it more and more until all you can see is the second shot. Often used to link two scenes or two people together, or sometimes used to show time moving.
An eye line match is a type of editing that maintains the eye line or level when cutting from a character to what the character sees. The effect of the edit is to create a sense that what the camera sees is what the character sees. It puts us in the position of the character and helps us feel empathy for them. A fade is a type of moving image editing where the image gradually fades and disappears, leaving a white or black screen. A fade to black often suggests that time has passed or a situation has ended. A fade to white often suggests a dream sequence. A graphic match is a cut from one shot to another that look visually the same, possibly linked by a similar shape or colour, they are there to show us a clear link between two scenes.
Thursday, 15 October 2015
Production
In one of our recent lessons we learned about the methods of production. This comes in three different stages:
Preproduction
Production
Post production
These three stages all come together to complete the progress of shooting a film. Each individual stage consists of key elements. For example, preproduction involves everything that you need to prepare before you begin shooting. If your film involves dialogue then you will need to plan and prepare a script before hand that your actors/actresses can learn and memorise before hand. Another part of preproduction is drawing and mapping out a storyboard of the events of your film so that you and everyone taking part is clear what is supposed to be happening. You need to also arrange a setting or location for your scene beforehand to make sure it will be free of interruptions and any thing that could get in the way of your shooting. One other part of preproduction is making sure all your actors/actresses are prepared with the appropriate costumes and any props they need to ensure they have the right affect on the audience. Lastly, you may want to write up a shot list before hand of all the camera shots and angles you want to achieve by the end of the scene and at which certain point you want to shoot them. This way, you are not making up stuff on the spot and instead have a clear view of what you want to get done by the time you have finished filming.
The next stage is production which is where you actually begin to start shooting your scene. For this, you need to think about camera angles and shots still even if you have made up a shot list as you may discover something that will look even better and have a bigger effect on the audience. The biggest part of production is shooting. Many key elements come under shooting that you need to think about when you are filming. For example, you need to think about your cuts. For this, you may want to have your actors wait 10 seconds after you say action and cut so that you have a buffer to make it look more natural when you are in the editing suite. This also comes into the element of continuity of the scene; you want everything to look like it is running smoothly and has the right flow. Another thing you may want to consider is the rule of thirds. This is where you place your characters or point of interest in the scene. You may choose to have it based in the middle of the scene so that it is the centre of attention or somewhere off to the right or left to make it seem like something is not right. The last thing you will want to think about is the 180 degree rule. This is where you have two people talking and you are doing over the shoulder shots from behind each person so you can see who they're talking to. However, if you cross the invisible line and move the camera round to the other side of where from you are shooting, it may look like the person is speaking to themself and will therefore affect the continuity of the scene and confuse the viewer.
The last stage is post production. This is when you have finished filming and will most likely all take place in the editing suite. The biggest part of this stage is editing. Many key elements go into editing that you need to think about. For example, if you need to add any sound into your scene then this should be done at this point. You may also want to add special effects depending on what is going on in your scene. The last thing you should add in to your film is a title and credits to give an official and professional sense to the viewer.
Preproduction
Production
Post production
These three stages all come together to complete the progress of shooting a film. Each individual stage consists of key elements. For example, preproduction involves everything that you need to prepare before you begin shooting. If your film involves dialogue then you will need to plan and prepare a script before hand that your actors/actresses can learn and memorise before hand. Another part of preproduction is drawing and mapping out a storyboard of the events of your film so that you and everyone taking part is clear what is supposed to be happening. You need to also arrange a setting or location for your scene beforehand to make sure it will be free of interruptions and any thing that could get in the way of your shooting. One other part of preproduction is making sure all your actors/actresses are prepared with the appropriate costumes and any props they need to ensure they have the right affect on the audience. Lastly, you may want to write up a shot list before hand of all the camera shots and angles you want to achieve by the end of the scene and at which certain point you want to shoot them. This way, you are not making up stuff on the spot and instead have a clear view of what you want to get done by the time you have finished filming.
The next stage is production which is where you actually begin to start shooting your scene. For this, you need to think about camera angles and shots still even if you have made up a shot list as you may discover something that will look even better and have a bigger effect on the audience. The biggest part of production is shooting. Many key elements come under shooting that you need to think about when you are filming. For example, you need to think about your cuts. For this, you may want to have your actors wait 10 seconds after you say action and cut so that you have a buffer to make it look more natural when you are in the editing suite. This also comes into the element of continuity of the scene; you want everything to look like it is running smoothly and has the right flow. Another thing you may want to consider is the rule of thirds. This is where you place your characters or point of interest in the scene. You may choose to have it based in the middle of the scene so that it is the centre of attention or somewhere off to the right or left to make it seem like something is not right. The last thing you will want to think about is the 180 degree rule. This is where you have two people talking and you are doing over the shoulder shots from behind each person so you can see who they're talking to. However, if you cross the invisible line and move the camera round to the other side of where from you are shooting, it may look like the person is speaking to themself and will therefore affect the continuity of the scene and confuse the viewer.
The last stage is post production. This is when you have finished filming and will most likely all take place in the editing suite. The biggest part of this stage is editing. Many key elements go into editing that you need to think about. For example, if you need to add any sound into your scene then this should be done at this point. You may also want to add special effects depending on what is going on in your scene. The last thing you should add in to your film is a title and credits to give an official and professional sense to the viewer.
Saturday, 3 October 2015
Examples of editing
There are many examples of good editing across a range of various films. For example, I have researched and found a clip from Shaun of the dead where the director is able to show an hour's worth of getting ready in real life into just 30 seconds. I have attached the link for this video below:
In this scene, very short and fast cuts are used to show Shaun doing several different activities to express to the viewer how he is getting ready for the day. Only a couple of seconds is shown from each activity to just give the viewer an idea of what Shaun is doing to get ready rather than have to film it all and waste time that could be better used in other scenes.
In this sense, I can understand how the effect of cutting can be expanded from impacting the reader, to actually helping the director when editing the film as they are able to get rid of the extra time in scenes which may not be needed as it can be used for something much more effective such as an action scene. It can also be used when wanting to cut down the time of films to keep the audiences interest at its peak.
In this sense, I can understand how the effect of cutting can be expanded from impacting the reader, to actually helping the director when editing the film as they are able to get rid of the extra time in scenes which may not be needed as it can be used for something much more effective such as an action scene. It can also be used when wanting to cut down the time of films to keep the audiences interest at its peak.
Analysis of LA confidential: Interrogation scene
In one of our recent lessons we have learnt about the effects and impacts of why directors have decided to cut at a particular point in the scene. For example, we looked at an interrogation scene from LA confidential which I have added the link for below.
At the beginning of this scene the cutting rates are very slow as a continuous shot is used to follow the characters to the next part of the scene. This sets the scene and displays the atmosphere at this time in the scene. Not only this, but it begins a relationship with two police officers as we follow them in. This almost persuades the viewer to be on the side of the two police officers as it is almost like the viewer is a third police officer.
Then, towards the middle of the scene, the cutting rate speeds up dramatically when the man's head is smashed into a mirror. This effects the viewer by building an atmosphere of excitement and action. This fast speed is kept up when the man is thrown out of a window.
Lastly, at the end of the scene the cutting rate then begins to slow down again as the man owns up the information that the two policemen are after and then he is pulled up from the window.
I have learned from this that actually cutting rates have a lot more impact on the viewer than you would think. For someone who has never seen this scene before, I found myself rooting for the two police officers even though they were using a lot of violence and cruelty. This shows just how big of an impact using a continuous shot at the beginning of the scene can be.
Then, towards the middle of the scene, the cutting rate speeds up dramatically when the man's head is smashed into a mirror. This effects the viewer by building an atmosphere of excitement and action. This fast speed is kept up when the man is thrown out of a window.
Lastly, at the end of the scene the cutting rate then begins to slow down again as the man owns up the information that the two policemen are after and then he is pulled up from the window.
I have learned from this that actually cutting rates have a lot more impact on the viewer than you would think. For someone who has never seen this scene before, I found myself rooting for the two police officers even though they were using a lot of violence and cruelty. This shows just how big of an impact using a continuous shot at the beginning of the scene can be.
Camera shots powerpoint
During two of our media lessons our task was to go outside and create our own camera shots and videos where we could practice panning across and using different angles. In the second lesson we made a powerpoint to showcase our work. In this powerpoint we have presented the flowing camera shots:
-Extreme close up
-Close up
-Birdseye view
-Establishing shot
-Long shot
-Big close up
-Medium close up
-Medium shot
-Medium long-shot
-High angle shot
-Low angle shot
-Dutch angle
-Reverse angle
I have attached the link to my powerpoint below:
-Extreme close up
-Close up
-Birdseye view
-Establishing shot
-Long shot
-Big close up
-Medium close up
-Medium shot
-Medium long-shot
-High angle shot
-Low angle shot
-Dutch angle
-Reverse angle
I have attached the link to my powerpoint below:
Camera shots
Today in my media studies lesson we learnt and explored the different camera angles and types of close-ups. We looked at a clip of the Superman Returns film, where the link is tagged below. From this I have been able to discover different camera angles and types of close-ups such as:
- Eye level shot
- Low angle shot
- High angle shot
- Medium long shot
- Medium shot
-Medium close up
-Big close up
- Extreme close up
There are various effects that these different types of camera angles and close ups have on the reader. For example, by using the medium close up, the viewer is able to see the headshot of Superman and what is above him. This is seen where Superman is walking across and blocking the bullets from harming the policemen. By using a medium close up, it means the viewer can see how the bullets reflect of off superman.
Another example would be when an eye level shot is used when the criminal swings the gun around and faces the viewer by looking straight ahead. The effect of this is to make it seem like the criminal is about to actually shoot the viewer than the policemen he is actually aiming at. This brings a sense of fear and vulnerability to the viewer and draws them into the film even more.
One other example is when high angle shot is used when the policemen are coming down the stairs. This is used to create the effect that the policemen are inferior as the viewer is looking down onto them. The policemen's low status is also shown through this as they appear much smaller and therefore insignificant to the viewer.
- Eye level shot
- Low angle shot
- High angle shot
- Medium long shot
- Medium shot
-Medium close up
-Big close up
- Extreme close up
There are various effects that these different types of camera angles and close ups have on the reader. For example, by using the medium close up, the viewer is able to see the headshot of Superman and what is above him. This is seen where Superman is walking across and blocking the bullets from harming the policemen. By using a medium close up, it means the viewer can see how the bullets reflect of off superman.
Another example would be when an eye level shot is used when the criminal swings the gun around and faces the viewer by looking straight ahead. The effect of this is to make it seem like the criminal is about to actually shoot the viewer than the policemen he is actually aiming at. This brings a sense of fear and vulnerability to the viewer and draws them into the film even more.
One other example is when high angle shot is used when the policemen are coming down the stairs. This is used to create the effect that the policemen are inferior as the viewer is looking down onto them. The policemen's low status is also shown through this as they appear much smaller and therefore insignificant to the viewer.
Thursday, 1 October 2015
History of editing
In our last lesson we watched the video 'The history of editing' by John Hess. In this video, he goes through how filmmakers began to use cutting to impact the scene. From this video I was able to learn many things. For example, the first ever screening took place in the basement grand cafe in Paris in 1895 by the Lumiere brothers. The magician George Melies who owned and operated the theatre took inspiration from this and wanted to start making his own films. Melies bought an English made projector called an animatograph. He was able to reverse the mechanics and therefore create his own camera to film with. From here on he started making and showing his own films as part of his magician show. Through this, he discovered the jump cut which he used to crest reappearing and disappearing effects in his films. In the making of his films, he also created the fade in and fade out, overlapping dissolves and stop motion photography. However, Melies never moved the angle of his camera so the viewer always seems to have to the perfect theatre seat.
Another upcoming director at this time who was beginning to develop the progress of cutting. This person was Edwin S Porter who was originally a vitascope projectionalist. He joined the Edison manufacturing head of production for Edison's skylight studio in 1901. He served as the editors director and cameraman when filming 'Life of an American fireman'. Porter also filmed the famous film 'The great train robbery'. In this film, Porter interestingly begins to cut straight between scenes without using fades or dissolves and without letting the scene reach its logical end.
Another upcoming director at this time who was beginning to develop the progress of cutting. This person was Edwin S Porter who was originally a vitascope projectionalist. He joined the Edison manufacturing head of production for Edison's skylight studio in 1901. He served as the editors director and cameraman when filming 'Life of an American fireman'. Porter also filmed the famous film 'The great train robbery'. In this film, Porter interestingly begins to cut straight between scenes without using fades or dissolves and without letting the scene reach its logical end.
In this sense filmmakers were beginning to see editing' ability to compress time. I have added the link to this video below:
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